Dental Care

  • What type of toothbrush and toothpaste should I use?

    Use a soft-bristled toothbrush with a head size that fits comfortably in your mouth. Choose fluoride toothpaste approved by dental associations to strengthen enamel and prevent decay.

  • Do I really need to floss?

    Yes. Flossing removes food particles and plaque from between your teeth where your toothbrush can't reach. This helps prevent cavities and gum disease.

  • What are early signs of dental trouble?

    Common early signs include tooth sensitivity, bleeding gums, bad breath, and persistent mouth sores. Early detection can prevent more serious issues.

  • Why do I need dental tests?

    Dental tests help detect problems like cavities, gum disease, and oral cancer early—often before you notice symptoms. Regular check-ups are key to long-term oral health.

  • How do fillings work?

    Fillings restore decayed or damaged teeth by removing the affected area and filling it with materials like composite resin or amalgam to prevent further decay.

Cardiology

  • What is a Cardiologist?

    A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of the heart and blood vessels, including heart attacks, arrhythmias, and high blood pressure.

  • What is a Cardiothoracic Surgeon?

    This specialist performs surgeries on the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest, including bypass surgery and heart valve repair.

  • How does a stress test work?

    During a stress test, your heart's performance is monitored while you exercise on a treadmill or stationary bike. It helps detect issues like coronary artery disease.

  • Are cardiopulmonary problems hereditary?

    Yes, many heart and lung conditions have a genetic component. If you have a family history of cardiovascular issues, regular screening is essential.

  • Do cardiac tests hurt?

    Most cardiac tests are non-invasive and painless, such as ECGs or echocardiograms. Invasive tests may cause mild discomfort but are generally safe.

Diagnosis

  • What do we know about diagnostic error?

    Diagnostic errors occur when a condition is missed, delayed, or incorrect. They can result from system failures, miscommunication, or atypical symptoms.

  • How often does it happen?

    Studies suggest that diagnostic errors affect about 1 in 20 outpatient adults annually. They're a significant concern in healthcare safety.

  • What is the cause of diagnostic error?

    Common causes include cognitive bias, lack of complete patient information, poor communication between providers, and time constraints in clinical settings.

  • What are the obstacles to accurate diagnosis?

    Barriers include complex symptoms, limited access to diagnostic tools, rushed consultations, and fragmented care systems.

  • When is a formal diagnosis necessary?

    A formal diagnosis is essential for effective treatment, especially for chronic or serious conditions. It guides the care plan and helps prevent complications.